Picus

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====== PICUS in the literature ======
The page lists the most important publications around PICUS. The papers cover several aspects of model development as well as numerous applications especially orbiting around climate change.

===== Model development =====

Lexer, Manfred J, and Karl Hönninger. 2001. “A Modified 3D-patch Model for Spatially Explicit Simulation of Vegetation Composition in Heterogeneous Landscapes” 144: 43–65.

Seidl, Rupert, Manfred J Lexer, Dietmar Jäger, and Karl Hönninger. 2005. “Evaluating the Accuracy and Generality of a Hybrid Patch Model.” Tree Physiology 25 (7) (July): 939–51. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15870060.

Maroschek, M., Rammer, W., Lexer, M.J., 2015. Using a novel assessment framework to evaluate protective functions and timber production in Austrian mountain forests under climate change. Reg. Environ. Chang. in press. doi:10.1007/s10113-014-0691-z
http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10113-014-0691-z
===== General model application =====

Lexer, Manfred J., and Karl Hönninger. 1998. “Estimating Physical Soil Parameters for Sample Plots of Large-scale Forest Inventories.” Forest Ecology and Management 111 (2-3) (December): 231–247. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1127(98)00335-1.

Lexer, Manfred J., Karl Hönninger, and Harald Vacik. 2000. “Modelling the Effect of Forest Site Conditions on the Ecophysiological Suitability of Tree Species: An Approach Based on Fuzzy Set Theory.” Computers and Electronics in Agriculture 27 (1-3) (June): 393–399. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1699(00)00105-8.

Lexer, M.J. and Karl Hönninger 2004. “Effects of Error in Model Input: Experiments with a Forest Patch Model.” Ecological Modelling 173 (2-3) (April): 159–176. http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0304380003003922.

Didion, M., a.D. Kupferschmid, M.J. Lexer, W. Rammer, R. Seidl, and H. Bugmann. 2009. “Potentials and Limitations of Using Large-scale Forest Inventory Data for Evaluating Forest Succession Models.” Ecological Modelling 220 (2) (January): 133–147. http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0304380008004626.

Huber, M.O., Eastaugh, C.S., Gschwantner, T., Hasenauer, H., Kindermann, G., Ledermann, T., Lexer, M.J., Rammer, W., Schörghuber, S., Sterba, H., 2012. Comparing simulations of three conceptually different forest models with National Forest Inventory data. Environ. Model. Softw. null, 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2012.08.003

Langner A, Irauschek F, Perez S, Pardos M, Zlatanov T, Öhman K, Nordström E-M, Lexer MJ (2017) Value-based ecosystem service trade-offs in multi-objective management in European mountain forests. Ecosyst Serv 26:245–257. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2017.03.001

Irauschek F, Barka I, Bugmann H, Courbaud B, Elkin C, Hlásny T, Klopcic M, Mina M, Rammer W, Lexer MJ (2021) Evaluating five forest models using multi-decadal inventory data from mountain forests. Ecol Modell. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2021.109493




===== Climate Change impacts and adaptation =====

Lexer, M.J, Karl Hönninger, Helfried Scheifinger, Christoph Matulla, Nikolaus Groll, and Helga Kromp-Kolb. 2000. “The Sensitivity of Central European Mountain Forests to Scenarios of Climatic Change : Methodological Frame for a Large-scale Risk Assessment” (October 1999): 113–129.

Lexer, M.J., K. Hönninger, H. Scheifinger, Ch. Matulla, N. Groll, H. Kromp-Kolb, K. Schadauer, F. Starlinger, and M. Englisch. 2002. “The Sensitivity of Austrian Forests to Scenarios of Climatic Change: a Large-scale Risk Assessment Based on a Modified Gap Model and Forest Inventory Data.” Forest Ecology and Management 162 (1) (June): 53–72. doi:10.1016/S0378-1127(02)00050-6. http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0378112702000506.

Seidl, Rupert, Werner Rammer, Dietmar Jäger, William S. Currie, and Manfred J. Lexer. 2007. “Assessing Trade-offs Between Carbon Sequestration and Timber Production Within a Framework of Multi-purpose Forestry in Austria.” Forest Ecology and Management 248 (1-2) (August): 64–79. doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2007.02.035. http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0378112707002101.

Seidl, Rupert, Werner Rammer, Petra Lasch, Franz-werner Badeck, and Manfred J Lexer. 2008. “Does Conversion of Even-aged, Secondary Coniferous Forests Affect Carbon Sequestration? A Simulation Study Under Changing Environmental Conditions.” Silva Fenn 42: 369–386.

Seidl, Rupert, Werner Rammer, and Manfred J. Lexer. 2010. “Climate Change Vulnerability of Sustainable Forest Management in the Eastern Alps.” Climatic Change 106 (2) (August 17): 225–254. doi:10.1007/s10584-010-9899-1. http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s10584-010-9899-1.

Seidl, R., Rammer, W., Lexer, M.J., 2011. 2011. “Adaptation Options to Reduce Climate Change Vulnerability of Sustainable Forest Management in the Austrian Alps.” Canadian Journal of Forest Research 41 (4) (April 8): 694–706. doi:10.1139/x10-235. http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/abs/10.1139/x10-235.

Kindermann, G.E., Schörghuber, S., Linkosalo, T., Sanchez, A., Rammer, W., Seidl, R., Lexer, M.J., 2013. Potential stocks and increments of woody biomass in the European Union under different management and climate scenarios. Carbon Balance Manag. 8, 2. doi:10.1186/1750-0680-8-2 http://www.cbmjournal.com/content/8/1/2

Pardos M, Calama R, Maroschek M, Rammer W, Lexer MJ (2015) A model-based analysis of climate change vulnerability of Pinus pinea stands under multiobjective management in the Northern Plateau of Spain. Ann For Sci 72:1009–1021. doi: 10.1007/s13595-015-0520-7

Irauschek F, Rammer W, Lexer MJ (2017) Can current management maintain forest landscape multifunctionality in the Eastern Alps in Austria under climate change? Reg Environ Chang 17:33–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10113-015-0908-9

Zlatanov T, Elkin C, Irauschek F, Lexer MJ (2017) Impact of climate change on vulnerability of forests and ecosystem service supply in Western Rhodopes Mountains. Reg Environ Chang 17:79–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10113-015-0869-z

Irauschek F, Rammer W, Lexer MJ (2017) Evaluating multifunctionality and adaptive capacity of mountain forest management alternatives under climate change in the Eastern Alps. Eur J For Res 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10342-017-1051-6

Pardos M, Pérez S, Calama R, Alonso R, Lexer MJ (2017) Ecosystem service provision, management systems and climate change in Valsaín forest, central Spain. Reg Environ Chang 17:17–32. doi: 10.1007/s10113-016-0985-4

===== Disturbances/ Barkbeetle =====

Seidl, Rupert, Peter Baier, Werner Rammer, Axel Schopf, and Manfred J. Lexer. 2007. “Modelling Tree Mortality by Bark Beetle Infestation in Norway Spruce Forests.” Ecological Modelling 206 (3-4) (August): 383–399. doi:10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2007.04.002. http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0304380007001998.

Seidl, Rupert, Werner Rammer, Dietmar Jäger, and Manfred J. Lexer. 2008. “Impact of Bark Beetle (Ips Typographus L.) Disturbance on Timber Production and Carbon Sequestration in Different Management Strategies Under Climate Change.” Forest Ecology and Management 256 (3) (July): 209–220. doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2008.04.002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2008.04.002.

Seidl R, Schelhaas M-J, Lindner M, Lexer MJ (2009) Modelling bark beetle disturbances in a large scale forest scenario model to assess climate change impacts and evaluate adaptive management strategies. Reg Environ Chang 9:101–119. doi: 10.1007/s10113-008-0068-2

Pasztor, F., Matulla, C., Rammer, W., Lexer, M.J., 2014. Drivers of the bark beetle disturbance regime in Alpine forests in Austria. For. Ecol. Manage. 318, 349–358. doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2014.01.044 http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0378112714000681

Pasztor, F., Matulla, C., Zuvela-Aloise, M., Rammer, W., Lexer, M.J., 2015. Developing predictive models of wind damage in Austrian forests. Ann. For. Sci. 72: 289. doi:10.1007/s13595-014-0386-0
http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s13595-014-0386-0

===== Rockfall =====

Rammer, W., Brauner, M., Ruprecht, H., Lexer, M.J., 2015. Evaluating the effects of forest management on rockfall protection and timber production at slope scale. Scand. J. For. Res. 00000, 1–25. doi:10.1080/02827581.2015.1046911
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02827581.2015.1046911

Rammer, W., M. Brauner, L. K. a. Dorren, F. Berger, and M. J. Lexer. 2010. “Evaluation of a 3-D Rockfall Module Within a Forest Patch Model.” Natural Hazards and Earth System Science 10 (4) (April 12): 699–711. doi:10.5194/nhess-10-699-2010. http://www.nat-hazards-earth-syst-sci.net/10/699/2010/.

Woltjer, M, W Rammer, M Brauner, R Seidl, G M J Mohren, and M J Lexer. 2008. “Coupling a 3D Patch Model and a Rockfall Module to Assess Rockfall Protection in Mountain Forests.” Journal of Environmental Management 87 (3) (May): 373–88. doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2007.01.031. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17412480.